How to Grow and Care for Sweet Autumn Clematis

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Clematis paniculata

Sweet autumn clematis is an aggressive, woody, perennial vine in the Ranunculaceae (buttercup) family and native to New Zealand. It grows rapidly in addition to self-seeding and is considered invasive in some states surrounding North Carolina.

It grows in full sun, dappled sunlight, or partial shade in moist soils with good drainage. This plant flowers only on new wood and can be cut to the ground in fall or spring.

The pinwheel flowers are fragrant and white with four petal-like parts and many stamens. The seed heads are feathery in appearance. Flowers attract pollinators and songbirds use the vine as a nesting site. This plant may be less frequently damaged by deer than other clematis species.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Self-seeds and grows aggressively. Consider a native alternative.

VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for “Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers” a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens.

• Attributes: Genus: Clematis Species: paniculata Family: Ranunculaceae Life Cycle: Perennial Woody Recommended Propagation Strategy: Layering Seed Stem Cutting Country Or Region Of Origin: New Zealand Wildlife Value: This plant attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Birds build nests inside the vine. Play Value: Wildlife Food Source Climbing Method: Twining

• Whole Plant Traits: Plant Type: Perennial Poisonous Vine Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics: Deciduous Semi-evergreen Habit/Form: Cascading Climbing Dense Spreading Growth Rate: Rapid Maintenance: High Medium Texture: Medium

• Cultural Conditions: Light: Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours) Soil Texture: Clay Loam (Silt) Sand Soil Drainage: Good Drainage Moist Available Space To Plant: 3 feet-6 feet NC Region: Coastal Mountains Piedmont USDA Plant Hardiness Zone: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b

• Fruit: Fruit Color: Brown/Copper Fruit Value To Gardener: Showy Display/Harvest Time: Fall Fruit Type: Achene Fruit Description: Plume-like seed heads.

• Flowers: Flower Color: Gold/Yellow White Flower Inflorescence: Panicle Flower Value To Gardener: Fragrant Long Bloom Season Showy Flower Bloom Time: Fall Summer Flower Shape: Cross Star Flower Petals: 4-5 petals/rays Bracts Flower Size: 1-3 inches Flower Description: 1-inch white fragrant pinwheel flowers with 4 bracts that are petal-like and have many yellowish stamens.

• Leaves: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics: Deciduous Semi-evergreen Leaf Color: Green Leaf Feel: Glossy Leathery Leaf Type: Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately) Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Opposite Leaf Shape: Elliptical Ovate Leaf Margin: Entire Hairs Present: No Leaf Description: The 3-5 leaflets per stem are green, shiny and leathery textured.

• Stem: Stem Is Aromatic: No

• Landscape: Attracts: Bees Butterflies Hummingbirds Songbirds Resistance To Challenges: Deer Problems: Contact Dermatitis Problem for Cats Problem for Children Problem for Dogs Problem for Horses Weedy

• Poisonous to Humans: Poison Severity: High Poison Symptoms: Clematis can cause severe mouth pain and ulcers if eaten. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses. Clinical signs are salivation, vomiting, diarrhea. In humans, symptoms may include dizziness, confusion, fainting, and convulsions. Fatalities are rare, due to the rapid and intense bitter taste and mouth irritation from eating. Gastric lavage is recommended and anti-inflammatory to soothe irritated tissue. Contact dermatitis results in skin redness and burning sensation for some people, gardening gloves are recommended. Poison Toxic Principle: protoanemonin Causes Contact Dermatitis: Yes Poison Part: Leaves Sap/Juice

Clematis paniculata

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How to Grow and Care for Sweet Autumn Clematis

David Beaulieu is a landscaping expert and plant photographer, with 20 years of experience.

Debra LaGattuta is a Master Gardener with 30+ years of experience in perennial and flowering plants, container gardening, and raised bed vegetable gardening. She is a lead gardener in a Plant-A-Row, which is a program that offers thousands of pounds of organically-grown vegetables to local food banks. Debra is a member of The Spruce Garden Review Board.

Sarah Scott is a fact-checker and researcher who has worked in the custom home building industry in sales, marketing, and design.

Sweet autumn clematis (Clematis terniflora) is a perennial flowering vine that produces sweetly fragrant flowers in the late summer and early fall. It can grow to 30 feet, though 15 feet is a more typical mature size. It has a fast growth rate, gaining a few feet in length each year. This twining vine has leathery, shiny, dark green leaves. The flowers are small, white, numerous, and fragrant. When covering wood fences or similar structures, a sweet autumn clematis in bloom gives the appearance of fleece. The spent flowers are replaced by fuzzy seed heads that are also attractive. But be warned: the aggressive growth of sweet autumn clematis means it’s considered invasive in many eastern parts of the United States. This plant is toxic to humans and pets.

Sweet Autumn Clematis Care

Although it can be used as a ground cover, sweet autumn clematis is more commonly found draped over stone walls or scaling structures such as arbors. It needs a sturdy structure because the vine can get quite massive and heavy. However, it can be sparse and leggy near the base, so it is ideal to surround its base with other plants that hide the bottom of the vine and keep its roots cool.

Regular feeding and watering will reward you with a large vine blanketed with white flowers by early fall. After flowering is complete, the vine should be rigorously pruned to limit the self-seeding that can lead to the invasive spread of the plant.

Warning

Be aware that sweet autumn clematis is a very vigorous vine that can choke out nearby plants. It self-seeds readily and can easily spread beyond its garden location. It is considered invasive in many areas of the eastern United States.

Light

Plant sweet autumn clematis in full sun for best flowering. However, these vines can tolerate a considerable amount of shade—unlike most other clematis species—if you are willing to put up with some reduced flowering.

Soil

The plant is not fussy about soil conditions if there is good drainage. The ideal soil will have a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH, but even slightly alkaline soils generally support the plant quite well.

Water

Sweet autumn clematis has average water needs. Roughly one inch of water per week, through rainfall or irrigation, is generally sufficient. Withhold additional water during rainy spells, as this plant doesn’t like to sit in wet soil.

Temperature and Humidity

Sweet autumn clematis grows vigorously in the climate conditions across its entire hardiness range from USDA growing zones 4 to 9. It does not have particular humidity requirements.

Fertilizer

Like all clematis species, this plant is a heavy feeder. Apply a low-nitrogen fertilizer, such as 5-10-10, in the spring. Then, repeat feeding every few weeks throughout the growing season.

Pruning

This vine blooms on new wood, so prune sweet autumn clematis after flowering finishes in the late fall. Doing so will remove the seed heads and prevent self-sowing. Some gardeners cut their sweet autumn clematis plants down to within one foot from the ground. But if you want the vine to cover a large area, such as a large pergola, you can prune less severely and leave more of the plant in place.

Propagating Sweet Autumn Clematis

It is rather rare that a gardener would need to propagate sweet autumn clematis. But if you want to share plants, the seedlings that sprout up around a mature plant can be transplanted wherever you wish. Stem cuttings can also be easily rooted. Simply cut a four- to six-inch stem segment, plant it in ordinary potting soil, and keep the soil moist until roots develop. This can take six to eight weeks.

How to Grow Sweet Autumn Clematis From Seed

Seeds are best started in the late fall to early winter. Use ordinary potting soil in small seed-starting containers. Place them in a sunny window; sweet autumn clematis will germinate and grow quickly. Seedlings can be moved outside once nighttime temperatures remain above freezing.

Potting and Repotting Sweet Autumn Clematis

Sweet autumn clematis grows well in containers. Choose a large pot, 15 to 18 inches in diameter. Keep in mind that clematis will want to climb, so installing a trellis or arbor in or near the pot is highly recommended. Use potting soil that has been blended with a general-purpose, slow-release fertilizer, paying close attention to the instructions on the product label. When repotting, increase pot size a few inches larger than the last.

Overwintering

Sweet autumn clematis is quite hardy, to a point of no worries for the home gardener for overwintering; it will bounce back strongly in the spring as soon as the temperatures rise. Even plants grown in containers will do fine, as long as the container will not freeze; for instance, avoid ceramic or terracotta potters.

Common Pests and Plant Diseases

As with other clematis species, sweet autumn clematis is prone to clematis wilt, a potentially fatal fungal disease. Foliage might appear dry, withered, and even black on affected plants. Prune out and destroy affected foliage. As long as the disease hasn’t spread throughout the entire plant, it will usually bounce back the next growing season.

Powdery mildew, leaf spots, rust, and viruses can also affect the plant, though generally, they are not fatal. Insect pests include aphids, slugs, snails, scale, earwigs, and spider mites. With these issues, look out for discolored foliage, small bugs on the foliage, and the plant generally failing to thrive. Use the appropriate fungicide or insecticide for the problem.

How to Get Sweet Autumn Clematis to Bloom

Sweet autumn clematis is a very hearty grower and can bloom in even lackluster soil, given that it receives a solid six to eight hours of sunlight each day. The plant produces deep roots, so when you are transplanting a plant to a different place in the garden, ensure the roots sit at least three to four inches underground to keep the roots cool and the plant thriving during the heat of the summer.

The blooms usually begin in August and continue through October. Ensure the plant has a trellis or other structure to climb. For the best profusion of flowers, prune clematis back to about one foot above the ground after one season of growth. In the coming years, prune the plant down to two to three feet above the ground after the flowers have died back.

Common Problems with Sweet Autumn Clematis

Though clematis is an easy plant to grow and quite hardy even in the presence of insects or disease, it can be easy to remedy any problems that do pop up.

Spots on Leaves or Wilting Plants

Dark spots on the leaves could be thanks to clematis wilt, leaf spot, or root rot, all of which can be caused by overwatering and poor air circulation. Thin the plants to allow better circulation and remove any infected leaves. Serious problems could benefit from a fungicide.

Note that yellow mottling or spotting on the leaves is often a sign of tomato ringspot virus, which can reach your sweet autumn clematis through the travel of nematodes. This diseases requires removing the affected plants.

White Fungal Growth

The white fungal growth on clematis leaves is often powdery mildew, a common problem that can make leaves wither and die. To treat, remove heavily affected leaves and apply copper sulfate, sulfur, or potassium bicarbonate.

With proper care, sweet autumn clematis will come back year after year, especially if allowed to self-seed.

Some alternatives to sweet autumn clematis include other types of clematis that are not invasive. Honeysuckle is also a sweet-scented alternative.

Place the clematis in a pot of at least 15 inches in diameter, give it a trellis to climb, and set it in a window that gets at least six to eight hours of sunlight each day.

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1. Clematis terniflora. North Carolina State University Gardener Extension.
2. Clematis. Clemson University Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center.
3. Clematis. Missouri Botanical Garden.
4. Clematis Diseases. Pennsylvania State University Extension.