How to Plant and Grow a Pistachio Tree

Pistachios grow in relatively mild climates and because of this, they can be planted throughout the year. However, the best time to plant pistachio trees is while they are dormant. Fruit and nut trees are often sold as bare root or pre-potted in late winter through early spring so that they can be planted in the ground before growth begins. Newly planted dormant trees will quickly begin to grow new roots and eventually new leaves as the weather begins to warm.

How To Plant and Grow Pistachio Trees

In addition to producing tasty edible nuts, pistachio trees add a tropical feeling to the landscape with their large leaves.

While technically called “drupes,” pistachio nuts have been a favorite food for thousands of years. When enjoying these crunchy, greenish nuts, you may have wondered if you could plant one and have it grow into a tree. While it’s possible, you probably wouldn’t want to because of the variability of the resulting tree. However, if you live in USDA Hardiness Zones 7-11, you still can try your hand at growing these amazing trees and harvest your own pistachios.

Aside from giving you pistachio nuts, the trees themselves are also attractive and fit well in the home landscape. With their wide, somewhat shiny leaves and ripening fruit taking on a pink tone, pistachios have a distinctive, almost tropical look to them. Unlike many fruit and nut trees, pistachio trees are either male or female, so you’ll need to plant both for proper pollination. Fortunately, only one male is necessary for upwards of eight female trees.

close up of a pistachio tree

Pistachio Overview

Genus Name	Pistacia vera
Common Name	Pistachio
Plant Type	Tree
Light	Sun
Height	25 to 30 Feet
Width	null to 30 Feet
Flower Color	Pink, Red
Foliage Color	Blue/Green
Season Features	Spring Bloom
Zones	10, 11, 7, 8, 9
Propagation	Grafting, Seed

Where to Plant Pistachios

Pistachios thrive in warm, dry climates with hot summers and cool, wet winters. Regions in the United States with a Mediterranean climate such as California are best for growing pistachios.

At home, provide a full sun location with well-drained soil and access to water during the hot, dry summers. Although pistachio trees can be kept at a more manageable height through heavy pruning, if left alone, they will eventually need quite a bit of space and so choose a spot to plant your tree with its ultimate size in mind to avoid overcrowding. Male trees should be planted equidistant from all nearby female trees for best pollination.

How and When To Plant Pistachios

Pistachios grow in relatively mild climates and because of this, they can be planted throughout the year. However, the best time to plant pistachio trees is while they are dormant. Fruit and nut trees are often sold as bare root or pre-potted in late winter through early spring so that they can be planted in the ground before growth begins. Newly planted dormant trees will quickly begin to grow new roots and eventually new leaves as the weather begins to warm.

Planting pistachio trees is similar to planting most other types of trees. Begin by digging a hole twice the size of the root ball. Place the tree in hole and backfill soil into the hole ensuring that the tree remains upright and the existing soil line is maintained. If the tree is bare root, note the soil marking on the bark of your sapling and be sure to fully cover roots. Then water the tree thoroughly to remove air pockets and add additional soil as necessary.

Pistachio Care Tips

Light

Pistachios require full sun (8+ hours per day). Without full sun, trees will become leggy, not produce fruit, and be more susceptible to disease.

Soil and Water

Although pistachio trees can grow in most soil types, they do best in deep, free draining, loamy soils. Pistachio trees produce long taproots capable of reaching water deep underground, which makes them drought tolerant and capable of going through dry periods better than many other fruit and nut trees. Standing water and high humidity can lead to root rot and fungal diseases.

Temperature and Humidity

Hot, dry summers are necessary for pistachio trees to thrive and produce fruit. However, the trees are hardy down into the teens and can tolerate summer temperatures well over 100°F in the summer.

Fertilizer

Pistachio trees should be fertilized early in the season with a 12-12-17 or similarly formulated fertilizer and then again about midsummer until trees are established. Because pistachio trees bear in alternate years, mature trees can be fertilized less during off years.

Pistachios are heavy users of nitrogen and will become chlorotic (yellowing of leaves) without a steady supply of the nutrient. Soil testing can help determine other potential nutrient deficiencies.

How to Prune a Pistachio Tree

As with many fruit and nut trees, pistachios should be pruned in late winter or early spring before leaves have begun to appear. Begin yearly pruning by removing any dead, broken, or crossed branches. Any branches from below the graft should always be removed as well.

Pistachios can either be grown along a central leader or by the open center method, but because of their natural growth habit, pruning them into a vase shape isn’t necessary and they grow that way over time on their own.

Flowers and fruit are produced on one-year-old branches. Due to their year on/year off cycling, heavier pruning can be done on off years. To avoid infecting trees, always clean and disinfect pruning shears and saws prior to use.

Pests and Problems

Pistachio trees are highly susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases. Insects and fungal infections are common issues and environmental issues such as droughts, flooding, and poor soil increases the likelihood of infestation or infection.

The prevalence of diseases can be reduced by only watering around the base of the tree and by avoiding wetting the leaves and canopy of the tree. Localized humidity can be decreased by limiting the amount of nearby plants such as grasses, shrubs, and nearby trees. Good air circulation will help dry the ambient air as well.

How to Propagate a Pistachio Tree

The vast majority of pistachios are propagated by grafting. This technique attaches known varieties onto the rootstock of a variety or related species best adapted for the growing region it is to be planted. This allows for better control over the characteristics of the tree than a seed-grown tree. Pistachios can also be grown from seeds, but unlike with grafts,

Types of Pistachio Trees

By far the most common female cultivar is known as ‘Kerman’, but others exist as well. Newer female cultivars include ‘Golden Hills’, ‘Lost Hills’, and ‘Gum Drop’. Male cultivars should be selected to flower at the same time as female cultivars. Both ‘Peters’ and ‘Famoso’ are good pollinators for ‘Kerman’ while ‘Randy’ is a good pollinator for ‘Golden Hills’ and ‘Lost Hills’. For ‘Gum Drop’, use the male cultivar ‘Tejon’.

Frequently Asked Questions

Pistachio trees can be found at local garden centers in regions where they grow well. Pistachio trees can also be ordered online from various sources, but local garden centers will have a better selection of trees best adapted to the local climate and conditions.

Pistachios can be grown from seed, but they usually turn out quite different from either parent plant, and not necessarily in good ways. And it can take upwards of 10 years before it can be determined whether they are male or female.

Pistachios are very long lived trees and under the right conditions can live to be over 300 years old! In cultivation, trees are usually removed well before they reach such old ages, however, since their productivity will gradually decrease over time. In the home garden or orchard, trees planted in full sun locations, given plenty of room, water, and fertilizer, can thrive for decades.

How to Plant and Grow a Pistachio Tree

Nadia Hassani

Nadia Hassani is a a Penn State Master Gardener with nearly 20 years of experience in landscaping, garden design, and vegetable and fruit gardening.

If you are looking for a tree to produce a tasty, crunchy, and shelf-stable snack, you may consider planting a pistachio tree. As long as you live in an area that meets its very specific growing conditions: dry, hot summers and cold winters. you’ll successfully grow your own pistachio nuts.

Fast Facts

Pistachio trees grow up to 30 feet tall, with taproots just as long.
Pistachios are botanically not nuts, just like cashews. They are drupes—pistachios are the seeds, not the fruit.
It takes five to seven years until you can harvest pistachios from your own tree, although grafted trees might produce a harvest in three to five years.

Pistachio tree leaves with reddish-green pistachio nuts hanging below closeup

Where Pistachio Trees Can Grow

Pistachio trees require a unique climate, a combination of summers with temperatures of 100 degrees F or above and non-freezing winters. The trees require an extended chill period to break their dormancy and bear fruit.

In the U.S., the vast majority of pistachio production occurs in central California and certain portions of Arizona and New Mexico that share similar conditions.

Because these trees are wind-pollinated, breezy conditions in the spring and early summer are also essential. Pistachio trees are alternate-bearing, producing a heavy crop one year and a light crop the next year.

Outside these ideal locations, pistachio trees are very difficult to grow.

Planting a Pistachio Tree

Pistachio trees are diecious, which means they have either male or female flowers. You’ll need one of each to produce pistachio nuts, which are the product of female trees.
One male pollinator tree is sufficient for eight to ten female trees. Commercial nurseries will identify male and female trees.
The young trees, usually sold as potted nursery specimens, should be planted in the early spring while they are dormant.

Where to Plant

Growing pistachios isn’t an option for everyone because of their specific climate needs. The key factors to consider are summer and winter temperatures, humidity, rainfall, and wind exposure.

Pistachio trees require very hot temperatures during the day. However, they do poorly in high
humidity or wet soil. Select a location with sandy, well-draining, loamy soil and a good breeze because that’s needed for pollination.

When to Plant

No matter whether you plant a potted nursery tree or a bare-root specimen, plant a pistachio tree in the early spring. At that point, the seedling should still be dormant. This prevents transplant shock and gives the tree maximum growing time to get established.

How to Plant

Dig a hole at least twice the diameter of the nursery container and slightly deeper.
Carefully remove the tree from the pot and place it in the hole. The planting depth of the tree should be about 1 inch deeper than in the nursery container.
Backfill with original soil and tamp it down.
Water immediately and deeply to remove any air pockets.
Stake the tree for support and mulch around the base to conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Space multiple trees at least 20 feet apart.

When planting, keep in mind that gusty winds in the spring and summer are crucial for a healthy pistachio harvest. The pollen from the male trees must have enough wind to blow from the male flowers to the female tree’s flowers.

To ensure their success, male trees should be planted so that prevailing winds will carry their pollen toward the female trees. Typically, a male tree is able to pollinate female trees if planted within 50 feet.

Reddish-green pistachio nuts next to leaves closeup Pistachio tree in arid orchard of other trees against blue sky Harvested pistachio nuts with red and green spots stacked on each other closeup